Molecular Formula | C48H76O19 |
Molar Mass | 957.11 |
Density | 1.14 |
Melting Point | 239-241°C |
Boling Point | 1018.6±65.0 °C(Predicted) |
Specific Rotation(α) | (c, 1 in MeOH)+15.3 |
Flash Point | 289.2°C |
Solubility | Soluble in water, methanol, ethanol, insoluble in ether, benzene. |
Vapor Presure | 0mmHg at 25°C |
Appearance | White crystalline powder |
pKa | 2.76±0.70(Predicted) |
Storage Condition | 2-8℃ |
Sensitive | Easily absorbing moisture |
Refractive Index | 1.627 |
MDL | MFCD01732056 |
Physical and Chemical Properties | White powder, soluble in methanol and ethanol, derived from ginseng. |
In vitro study | Ginsenoside Ro in Panax ginseng is a beneficial novel Ca 2+ -antagonistic compound and may prevent platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic disease. Ginsenoside Ro dose-dependently reduces thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation, and IC 50 is approximately 155 μM. Ginsenoside Ro inhibits TXA 2 production to abolish thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) induces platelet aggregation and promotes thrombus formation. Ginsenoside Ro dose-dependently (50-300 μM) reduces the TXB 2 level that is induced by thrombin; Ginsenoside Ro (300 μM) inhibits the thrombin-mediated elevation in TXB 2 level by 94.9%. COX-1 activity in the absence of Ginsenoside Ro (negative control) is 2.3±0.1 nmol/mg protein. However, Ginsenoside Ro dose-dependently (50-300 μM) reduces its activity; at 300 μM, COX-1 activity is reduced by 26.4% of that of the negative control. TXA 2 synthase (TXAS) activity in the absence of Ginsenoside Ro (negative control) is 220.8±1.8 ng/mg protein/min. However, Ginsenoside Ro dose-dependently (50-300 μM) reduces its activity; at 300 μM, TXAS activity is reduced by 22.9% of that of the negative control. The inhibitory effect of Ginsenoside Ro (300 μM) on TXB 2 production (94.9%) is significantly higher than those on COX-1 (26.4%) and TXAS (22.9%) activities. To assess the toxicity of Ginsenoside Ro in Raw 264.7 cells, they are first treated with various concentrations (10 μM, 50 μM, 100 μM, and 200 μM) of Ginsenoside Ro for 24 h. Ginsenoside Ro exhibits no significant dose dependent toxicity. The effect of Ginsenoside Ro is next determined on cell viability and ROS levels, a marker of oxidative stress, following treatment with 1 μg/mL LPS. LPS reduces cell viability by ∼70% compared with nontreated controls. Pretreatment with 100 μM and 200 μM Ginsenoside Ro for 1 h prior to 1 μg/mL LPS incubation for 24 h leads to a significant increase in cell viability. The changes in ROS levels and NO production are consistent with the effects of Ginsenoside Ro on viability. |
In vivo study | Ginsenoside Ro dissolved in water is administrated by gavage to mice at doses of 25 and 250 mg/kg/day for 4 days before i.v. injection of HT29 in order to keep blood concentrations of Ginsenoside Ro above a certain level before HT29 i.v. injection followed by 40 days of oral administration of Ginsenoside Ro to the mice. After 38 days of treatment, the animals are euthanized, and the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules is counted in addition to evaluation of toxicity of Ginsenoside Ro and mouse pathology by HT29. Ginsenoside Ro (250 mg/kg/day) produces a significant decrease in the number of tumor nodules on the lung surface, yielding inhibition rates of 88% (P [4] . |
HS Code | 29389090 |
Reference Show more | 1. Ning Zhang Zhi Liu Zhenli song Zhiqian et al. HPLC-QqQ-MS determination of five saponins in Panax japonicus [J]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016 v.41(05): 884-878. 2. Qu Shengjun, Shen Xiaoqing, Zhang Fanlin, Gui, Mei, Jia, Tianzhu. Study on the contents of five ginsenosides in different processed ginseng products [J]. Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine 2013 9(01):34-36. 3. Li Jinhua, Feng Youlong, Zhang Zaiping, etc. Optimization of pretreatment method for determination of 9 ginsenosides in American ginseng capsules by multi-index orthogonal test [J]. Central South pharmacy, 2017, 015(012):1757-1760. 4. Qian Ling, Zheng Yiwen, Lin Ying, etc. Whole-cell catalytic production of maltotriose by Pichia pastoris surface-displayed maltotriose generating enzyme [J]. Food Science and Technology, 2020, 30 (5):1-7. 5. Liang Xiankui, Lei Jingwei, Gong Haiyan, et al. Fingerprint Analysis of Achyranthes bidentata [J]. Chinese Journal of Experimental prescriptions, 2019, 3 (19). 6. He Jiale, Zhou Sisi, Ma zengchun, Liang Gande, Wang Yuguang, Tan Hongling, Xiao Chengrong, Tang Linglin, Gao Yue. Study on material basis of Shenfu injection based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS [J]. Chinese pharmacological Bulletin, 2014,30(03):429-433. 7. Wu Dongxue, Liu Shuying, Chen Sijian, Zhao Junxi, Xiu Yang, Wang Shumin. A new method for rapid separation and determination of ginsenosides in Yiqi Yangxue oral liquid by solid phase extraction combined with high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of analysis and testing, 2020,39(07):867-873. 8. Zhang Weifang, Liang Xiankui, Ji Liang, Lei Jingwei, Gong Haiyan, Tang Weiwei, Yang Chunjing. Determination of three components in different varieties of Achyranthes bidentata and study on HPLC fingerprint [J]. Shi Zhen, Chinese traditional medicine, 2020,31(11):2665-2669 9. Joo, Kyung-Mi, et al. "Pharmacokinetic study of ginsenoside Re with pure ginsenoside Re and ginseng berry extracts in mouse using ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric method." Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 51.1 (20 10. Joo, Kyung-Mi, et al." Pharmacokinetic study of ginsenoside Re with pure ginsenoside Re and ginseng berry extracts in mouse using ultra performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric method." Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis 51.1 (20 11. Wang, Xiaoping, et al. "Baoyuan decoction ameliorates apoptosis via AT1-CARP signaling pathway in H9C2 cells and heart failure post-acute myocardial infarction rats ." Journal of ethnopharmacology 252 (2020): 112536.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112536 12. [IF=6.06] Yang Xiu et al."Simultaneous determination and difference evaluation of 14 ginsenosides in Panax ginseng roots cultivated in different areas and ages by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometer in the multipl 13. [IF=5.34] Shan-Shan Zhou et al."Stronger anti-obesity effect of white ginseng over red ginseng and the potential mechanisms involving chemically structural/compositional specificity to gut microbiota."Phytomedicine. 2020 Aug;74:152761 14. [IF=4.36] Bin Ma et al."Sulfur fumigation reducing systemic exposure of ginsenosides and weakening immunomodulatory activity of ginseng."J Ethnopharmacol. 2017 Jan;195:222 15. [IF=3.978] Hongfei Yu et al."The effect of triterpenoid saponins on pancreatic lipase in vitro: Activity, conformation, kinetics, thermodynamics and morphology."Biochem Eng J. 2017 Sep;125:1 16. [IF=3.935] Shan-Shan Zhou et al."Synchronous characterization of carbohydrates and ginsenosides yields deeper insights into the processing chemistry of ginseng."J Pharmaceut Biomed. 2017 Oct;145:59 17. [IF=6.558] Qingqing Song et al."Binary code, a flexible tool for diagnostic metabolite sequencing of medicinal plants."Anal Chim Acta. 2019 Dec;1088:89 18. [IF=5.396] Hui Wang et al."Ginsenoside extract from ginseng extends lifespan and health span in Caenorhabditis elegans."Food Funct. 2021 Aug;12(15):6793-6808 19. [IF=5.34] You-Ping Wu et al."Evidences for the mechanism of Shenmai injection antagonizing doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity."Phytomedicine. 2021 Jul;88:153597 20. [IF=4.142] Wang Chenxi et al."Rapid discovery of potential ADR compounds from injection of total saponins from Panax notoginseng using data-independent acquisition untargeted metabolomics."Analytical And Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2021 Oct 26 21. [IF=3.69] Xiaoping Wang et al."Baoyuan decoction ameliorates apoptosis via AT1-CARP signaling pathway in H9C2 cells and heart failure post-acute myocardial infarction rats."J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Apr;252:112536 22. [IF=3.361] Yuhao Zhang et al."An integrated approach for structural characterization of Gui Ling Ji by traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry and molecular network."Rsc Adv. 2021 Apr;11(26):15546-15556 23. [IF=2.629] Zhang Meiyu et al."In Vitro Transformation of Protopanaxadiol Saponins in Human Intestinal Flora and Its Effect on Intestinal Flora."Evid-Based Compl Alt. 2021;2021:1735803 24. [IF=2.419] Yinping Jin et al."Dynamic changes of ginsenosides in Panax quinquefolius fruit at different development stages measured by UHPLC-Orbitrap MS."Rapid Communications In Mass Spectrometry. 2022 Feb 17 25. [IF=5.279] He Zhang et al."De Novo Biosynthesis of Oleanane-Type Ginsenosides in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Using Two Types of Glycosyltransferases from Panax ginseng."J Agr Food Chem. 2022;XXXX(XXX):XXX-XXX 26. [IF=14.919] 27. [IF=5.811] He Zhang et al."Prevention Effect of Protopanaxadiol-Type Saponins Saponins and Protopanaxatriol-Type Saponins on Myelosuppression Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide.."Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2022 Apr;13:845034-845034 |
biological activity | Ginsenoside Ro (Polysciasaponin P3; Chikusetsusaponin 5; Chikusetsusaponin V) has the antiplatelet effect of Ca2 + antagonist, IC50 is 155 μM. Ginsenoside Ro reduces TXA2 yield, Ginsenoside Ro also weakly reduces COX-1 and TXAS activities. |
target | TXA 2 Ca 2 |
in vitro study | Ginsenoside Ro in Panax ginseng is a beneficial novel Ca 2 + -antagonistic compound and may prevent platelet aggregation-mediated thrombotic disease. Ginsenoside Ro dose-dependently reduces thrombin-stimulated platelet aggregation, and IC 50 is approximately 155 μM. Ginsenoside Ro inhibits TXA 2 production to abolish thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Thromboxane A 2 (TXA 2 ) induces platelet aggregation and promotes thrombus formation. Ginsenoside Ro dose-dependently (50-300μM) reduces the TXB 2 level that is induced by thrombin; ginsenoside Ro (300 μM) inhibits the thrombin-mediated elevation in TXB 2 level by 94.9%. COX-1 activity in the absence of Ginsenoside Ro (negative control) is 2.3±0.1 nmol/mg protein. However, Ginsenoside Ro dose-dependently (50-300μM) reduces its activity; at 300 μM, COX-1 activity is reduced by 26.4% of that of the negative control. TXA 2 synthase (TXAS) activity in the absence of Ginsenoside Ro (negative control) is 220.8±1.8 ng/mg protein/min. However, Ginsenoside Ro dose-dependently (50-300μM) reduces its activity; at 300 μM, TXAS activity is reduced by 22.9% of that of the negative control. The inhibitory effect of Ginsenoside Ro (300 μ m) on TXB 2 production (94.9%) is significantly higher than those on COX-1 (26.4%) and TXAS (22.9%) activities. To assess the toxicity of Ginsenoside Ro in Raw 264.7 cells, they are first treated with various concentrations (10 μ m, 50 μ m, 100 μ m, and 200 μ m) of Ginsenoside Ro for 24 h. Ginsenoside Ro exhibits no significant dose dependent toxicity. The effect of Ginsenoside Ro is next determined on cell viability and ROS levels, a marker of oxidative stress, following treatment with 1 μg/mL LPS. LPS reduces cell viability by ~ 70% compared with nontreated controls. Pretreatment with 100 μ M and 200 μ M Ginsenoside Ro for 1 h prior to 1 μg/mL LPS incubation for 24 h led to a significant increase in cell viability. The changes in ROS levels and NO production are consistent with the effects of Ginsenoside Ro on viability. |
in vivo study | Ginsenoside Ro dissolved in water is administrated by gavage to mice at doses of 25 and 250 mg/kg/day for 4 days before I. v. injection of HT29 in order to keep blood concentrations of Ginsenoside Ro above a certain level before HT29 I. v. injection followed by 40 days of oral administration of Ginsenoside Ro to the mice. After 38 days of treatment, the animals are euthanized, and the number of pulmonary metastatic nodules is counted in addition to evaluation of toxicity of Ginsenoside Ro and mouse pathology by HT29. Ginsenoside Ro (250 mg/kg/day) produces a significant decrease in the number of tumor nodules on the lung surface, yielding inhibition rates of 88% (P [4] . |
chemical properties | white powder, soluble in methanol and ethanol, derived from ginseng. |
use | used for content determination/identification/pharmacological experiments, etc. Pharmacological effects: Ginseng mainly has the effects of tonifying vitality, nourishing and strengthening, soothe the nerves and improving intelligence, promoting body fluid, and consolidating the pulse. Ginsenoside Ro is the main saponin component of ginseng rhizome, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-hepatitis biological activities. |